Combat, Captivity, and National-Security Offenses (Articles 95–103b)
These twelve articles concern sentinels and lookouts, prisoners, conduct before the enemy, and national security: misconduct on post and disrespect toward a sentinel, releasing or unlawfully detaining a person, misconduct while held by the enemy, misbehavior before the enemy, compelling surrender, misuse of countersigns, forcing a safeguard, spying, espionage, and aiding the enemy. Several of them apply only in time of war or authorize death. Many are sentencing-criteria offenses, meaning they have no numbered confinement range; the military judge instead considers the applicable sentencing criteria. Spying and espionage are Category 5.
| Article | Offense |
|---|---|
| <a href="https://ucmjoffenses.com/ucmj-article-95-offenses-by-sentinel-or-lookout/">95</a> | Offenses by Sentinel or Lookout |
| <a href="https://ucmjoffenses.com/ucmj-article-95a-disrespect-toward-sentinel-or-lookout/">95a</a> | Disrespect Toward Sentinel or Lookout |
| <a href="https://ucmjoffenses.com/ucmj-article-96-release-of-prisoner-without-authority-drinking-with-prisoner/">96</a> | Release of Prisoner Without Proper Authority; Drinking with Prisoner |
| <a href="https://ucmjoffenses.com/ucmj-article-97-unlawful-detention/">97</a> | Unlawful Detention |
| <a href="https://ucmjoffenses.com/ucmj-article-98-misconduct-as-prisoner/">98</a> | Misconduct as Prisoner |
| <a href="https://ucmjoffenses.com/ucmj-article-99-misbehavior-before-the-enemy/">99</a> | Misbehavior Before the Enemy |
| <a href="https://ucmjoffenses.com/ucmj-article-100-subordinate-compelling-surrender/">100</a> | Subordinate Compelling Surrender |
| <a href="https://ucmjoffenses.com/ucmj-article-101-improper-use-of-countersign/">101</a> | Improper Use of Countersign |
| <a href="https://ucmjoffenses.com/ucmj-article-102-forcing-a-safeguard/">102</a> | Forcing a Safeguard |
| <a href="https://ucmjoffenses.com/ucmj-article-103-spies/">103</a> | Spies |
| <a href="https://ucmjoffenses.com/ucmj-article-103a-espionage/">103a</a> | Espionage |
| <a href="https://ucmjoffenses.com/ucmj-article-103b-aiding-the-enemy/">103b</a> | Aiding the Enemy |
See Offenses by Sentencing Category for how each article is classified for sentencing parameters, and How UCMJ Sentencing Rules Apply for what those classifications mean.
Sources
- 10 U.S.C. §§ 895–903b (Articles 95–103b, UCMJ)
- Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 2024 edition, Part IV
- Manual for Courts-Martial, United States (2024 ed.), Appendix 12C